37.8 volts x 5.29 amps = 199.96 Watts, or pretty much 200 Watts. You can use the operating voltage, so 18.9 volts x 2 = 37.8 volts. *If you want to check math it won’t work with the open circuit voltage. The reason we use open circuit voltage is we have to account for the maximum input voltage of the charge controller. Connection in series would be 22.5 volts x 2 = 45 volts. For safety, use the open circuit voltage to calculate series connections, in this case the 100 Watt panel has 22.5 Volts open circuit, and 5.29 amps. Since each panel is 12V and the battery bank you want to charge is 24V, then you need to series your system to increase the voltage. Say you have 2 x 100 Watt solar panels and a 24V battery bank. With this you do not need any additional equipment except for the panel leads provided. To check math you can do 10.58 amps x 18.9 volts = 199.96 Watts, or pretty much 200 Watts.Ī Series connection is accomplished by joining the positive of one panel to the negative of the other panel together. In this case you have 5.29 Amps x 2 = 10.58 Amps. Paralleling the system would keep the voltage the same and increase the amps by the number of panels paralleled. The operating voltage is 18.9V and the operating current is 5.29 amps. Since each panel is 12V and the battery bank you want to charge is 12V, then you need to parallel your system to keep the voltage the same. Say you have 2 x 100 Watt solar panels and a 12V battery bank. Then the negative out and the positive out will be utilized to connect to your charge controller via a solar PV cable. Please see picture below.Īs you can see you have a slot for the negative terminal of panel #1 and the negative terminal of panel #2. The branch connector has a Y shape, and one has two inputs for positive, which changes to one, along with two inputs for negative, which changes for one. This can be accomplished by different means, but usually for smaller systems this will be utilized via branch connector. They are usually used when needed and other options are not available.Ī Parallel connection is accomplished by joining the positives of two panels together, as well as the negatives of each panel together. There isn’t really a downside to series-parallel connections. 4 panels in series needs to be parallel with another 4 panels in series or there will be some serious power loss. Then, an equal string needs to be created and paralleled. For this connection, a string is created by 2 or more panels in series. Often times for larger systems, in order to stay within those parameters of amperage and voltage, we have to be creative and utilize a series parallel connection. Charge controllers are only designed to accept a certain amount of amperage and voltage. Solar Panel arrays are usually limited by one factor, the charge controller. This will not happen in a parallel connection. If one panel is shaded it will affect the whole string. When panels are wired in series, they all in a sense depend on each other. ![]() The downside to series systems is shading problems. For example you can have 4 Renogy 100 Watt panels in series, run it 100 feet and only use a thin 14 gauge wire. ![]() The benefit of series is that it is easy to transfer over long distances. Renogy MPPT Controllers can accept 100 Volts input. The reason why series connections are utilized with MPPT controllers is that MPPT Controllers actually are able to accept a higher voltage input, and still be able to charge your 12V or more batteries. Connecting your panels in series will increase the voltage level and keep the amperage the same. Strictly series connections are mostly utilized in smaller systems with a MPPT Controller. Also, paralleling systems require extra equipment such as branch connectors or combiner box. Systems as high as 1000 Watts might end up outputting over 50 amps which is very difficult to transfer, especially in the systems were your panels are more than 10 feet from your controller, in which case you would have to go to 4 AWG or thicker which can be expensive in long run. The downside to parallel systems is that high amperage is difficult to travel long distances without using very thick wires. This is often used in 12V systems with multiple panels as wiring 12V panels in parallel allows you to keep your charging capabilities 12V. Connecting your panels in parallel will increase the amps and keep the voltage the same. Strictly parallel connections are mostly utilized in smaller, more basic systems, and usually with PWM Controllers, although they are exceptions. The purpose of this section is to explain why certain connections are utilized, how to set up to your desired connection, as well as going over what is the most beneficial connection to utilize based on your situation. This section will go into more depth on series, parallel and series-parallel connections. A Guide Between Series and Parallel Connections
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